2010/05/23

$10 + $10 + $10 = $30?

原文見此: http://www.lastplayerpicked.com/does-10-10-10-30-part-i/

你會拿一個$30的球員去換三個$10的球員嗎?

LPP在這篇文章中分析了少換多的交易. 觀念沒有很新奇, 但講得挺清楚的.

首先, 得到三名球員的這隊需要丟出陣中兩名最差的球員, 而丟出三個球員的這隊需要由FA補上兩名球員. 所以更恰當的比較是$30+$1+$1換$11+$11+$10, 雙方價值差不多, 甚至可能總和成績也差不多.

兩個包裹最大的差別是: 當一個$5~$10的球員突然出現在FA時, 前者可以將一名$1球員換掉以增強球隊陣容, 但後者無法因此得利.

換言之, 收到$30+$1+$1這組的球隊得到了彈性.

另一個差別在於, 當$30球員受傷時, 球隊的損失是$10球員受傷的三倍; 但$1球員受傷對球隊幾乎不會造成傷害. 如果球員們的受傷機率相同, 那兩個包裹因傷損失的期望值平均來說也是相同的.

不同的地方在於: $30球員受傷的機率比較低, 但一旦受傷造成的損失較大. 3個$10球員風險較分散, 其中有人受傷的機率較高, 但大傷害的機率較低.

換言之, 如果拿到$30+$1+$1這組的有80%的機會第一名和20%第十名, $11+$10+$10這組可能是51%第一名, 38%第三名, 10%第七名, 1%第十名. 如果GM不在意第三名和第十名的差別, 只在意奪冠的機率, 那前者仍是比較好的選擇.

特殊情況是: 如果已經領先到可以容忍一名$10球員受傷仍能奪冠時, 以少換多不失為一種分散風險的做法.

總體來講, 在這兩組包裹中選擇$30+$1+$1的組合, 在現實中是比較有利的. 有經驗的GM們瞭解這一點(不管有沒有意識到), 所以他們不會花太多資源在$5~$20這個等級的球員上, 而是儘量採用高價球員和替代等級球員的組合, 來保持球隊陣容的彈性.

這個問題對Fantasy估價器的影響尤其明顯. 如果純由數據來看, 高價球員在喊價選秀上普遍性的被overpaid, 而中價球員大都被underpaid. 但這並不見得是GM們在價值評估上犯了錯誤, 而是一般估價器無法確實地反映高價球員帶來的陣容彈性的價值.

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2010/04/13

2009 Forecast Evaluations

今天突然心血來潮逛到很久沒看的FB Blog: Last Player Picked, 發現多了很多新文章. LPP的FB文章都很不錯, 理路正確, 邏輯清楚, 而且寫得不難懂. 有時間再來寫一些文章的心得.

不過首先要講的是上面提到的另一個網站Steamer整理的2009各家預測打擊成績比較.

在這篇文章中,Steamer以FB的觀點比較了八個預測成績: Steamer自身, Marcel, PECOTA, Chone, ZiPS, SportingNews, Fantistics和2008年成績.

結論是: Chone和ZiPS在所有比率數據( (R+RBI)/PA, HR/AB, SB/PA, OPS)上都位居前兩名, Chone略勝一點, 但兩者的預測成績極為接近.

Fantistics和SportingNews兩個人工預測差不多在所有比率數據都輸給公式型預測, 當然還是比直接複製2008年成績好一些. 不過Fantistics在PA的預測遙遙領先, 連帶著在SGPs(FB Value)上也取得了顯著的勝利.

當然Fantistics有點勝之不武, 因為Chone, ZiPS和PECOTA沒有真的去預測打者的PA, Marcel的PA預測也很簡單. 而打者的FB Value和打席數又高度相關, 所以Fantistics可靠著打席準確度的大幅領先在FB Value預測稱王.

不過我們從這裡得到的收穫是: 公式預測在比率數據上的表現明顯比專家預測好, 但預測打席數差距太大所以不實用. 我們可以兼取兩家之長, 以專家預測的打席數, 乘上公式預測中最佳的Chone或ZiPS(或兩者平均, 反正兩個數據差不多)的比率數據, 簡單地得到更佳的預測.

Steamer上也有投手的預測成績比較, 不過我覺得比較的方法沒有打者這篇好.

同樣的是, 公式預測在比率數據上的表現仍然比兩個專家預測好, ZiPS在ERA和WHIP上大幅領先, 但是K/9的表現不好. Fantistics仍是在IP上穩居第一, 並靠此奪下SGPs的冠軍. 我們也可以用同樣的方法組合兩種預測來提高準確度.

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2010/04/11

Evaluate Lineups - 2010 Rankings

預測先發打線得分總排名

NL

Tier 1
#1 Philadelphia Phillies : 820
Tier 2
#2 St. Louis Cardinals : 792
#3 Atlanta Braves : 791
#4 Arizona Diamondbacks : 781
#5 Los Angeles Dodgers : 777
Tier 3
#6 Chicago Cubs : 767
#7 New York Mets : 766
#8 Colorado Rockies : 750
Tier 4
#9 Florida Marlins : 708
#10 Milwaukee Brewers : 698
#11 Washington Nationals : 689
#12 San Francisco Giants : 688
#13 Pittsburgh Pirates : 683
#14 Cincinnati Reds : 681
Tier 5
#15 Houston Astros : 662
Tier 6
#16 San Diego Padres : 580

AL

Tier 1
#1 Boston Red Sox : 918
#2 New York Yankees : 901
Tier 2
#3 Minnesota Twins : 860
Tier 3
#4 Los Angeles Angels : 833
#5 Texas Rangers : 829
Tier 4
#6 Tampa Bay Rays : 813
#7 Baltimore Orioles : 813
#8 Cleveland Indians : 802
Tier 5
#9 Chicago White Sox : 760
Tier 6
#10 Oakland Athletics : 729
#11 Detroit Tigers : 722
#12 Kansas City Royals : 721
#13 Toronto Blue Jays : 719
#14 Seattle Mariners : 718
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2010/04/10

Lineup Evaluation - 2010 Toronto Blue Jays

Projected Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 719
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Bautista,Jose 0.2270.3230.3890.317
2Hill,Aaron 0.2750.3250.4470.335
3Lind,Adam 0.2770.3410.4880.356
4Wells,Vernon 0.2600.3190.4300.327
5Overbay,Lyle 0.2510.3430.4160.335
6Encarnacion,Edwin 0.2330.3120.3970.312
7Buck,John 0.2210.2880.4220.305
8Gonzalez,Sea Bass 0.2310.2770.3540.277
9Snider,Travis 0.2400.3320.4520.339
Optimized Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 723

(恐怖的是這已經是藍鳥拿得出來的最佳打線了)

# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Bautista,Jose 0.2270.3230.3890.317
2Overbay,Lyle 0.2510.3430.4160.335
3Snider,Travis 0.2400.3320.4520.339
4Lind,Adam 0.2770.3410.4880.356
5Hill,Aaron 0.2750.3250.4470.335
6Wells,Vernon 0.2600.3190.4300.327
7Encarnacion,Edwin 0.2330.3120.3970.312
8Buck,John 0.2210.2880.4220.305
9Gonzalez,Sea Bass 0.2310.2770.3540.277
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Lineup Evaluation - 2010 Tampa Bay Rays

Projected Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 813
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Bartlett,Jason 0.2860.3430.4050.335
2Crawford,Carl 0.2930.3440.4440.353
3Zobrist,Ben 0.2610.3580.4430.354
4Longoria,Evan 0.2720.3510.5250.376
5Pena,Carlos 0.2430.3610.5240.378
6Upton,B.J. 0.2600.3490.4100.341
7Burrell,Pat 0.2300.3420.4150.336
8Shoppach,Kelly 0.2190.2930.4140.307
9Rodriguez,Sean 0.2290.3000.4000.307
Optimized Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 819
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Burrell,Pat 0.2300.3420.4150.336
2Pena,Carlos 0.2430.3610.5240.378
3Zobrist,Ben 0.2610.3580.4430.354
4Longoria,Evan 0.2720.3510.5250.376
5Upton,B.J. 0.2600.3490.4100.341
6Crawford,Carl 0.2930.3440.4440.353
7Bartlett,Jason 0.2860.3430.4050.335
8Rodriguez,Sean 0.2290.3000.4000.307
9Shoppach,Kelly 0.2190.2930.4140.307
Optimized Lineup with Aybar
Expected Runs/Season: 833

(ZiPS預測: Joe Dillon > Willy Aybar > Matt Joyce > Sean Rodriguez.)

# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Burrell,Pat 0.2300.3420.4150.336
2Pena,Carlos 0.2430.3610.5240.378
3Zobrist,Ben 0.2610.3580.4430.354
4Longoria,Evan 0.2720.3510.5250.376
5Upton,B.J. 0.2600.3490.4100.341
6Crawford,Carl 0.2930.3440.4440.353
7Bartlett,Jason 0.2860.3430.4050.335
8Aybar,Willy 0.2570.3310.4170.327
9Shoppach,Kelly 0.2190.2930.4140.307
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Lineup Evaluation - 2010 New York Yankees

Projected Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 901
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Jeter,Derek 0.3030.3690.4240.355
2Johnson,Nick 0.2750.4100.4330.378
3Teixeira,Mark 0.2800.3670.5050.376
4Rodriguez,Alex 0.2810.3750.5260.390
5Cano,Robinson 0.2960.3340.4740.346
6Posada,Jorge 0.2560.3380.4300.338
7Granderson,Curtis 0.2560.3350.4730.351
8Swisher,Nick 0.2430.3540.4460.351
9Gardner,Brett 0.2530.3300.3440.315
Optimized Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 902
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Jeter,Derek 0.3030.3690.4240.355
2Johnson,Nick 0.2750.4100.4330.378
3Rodriguez,Alex 0.2810.3750.5260.390
4Teixeira,Mark 0.2800.3670.5050.376
5Cano,Robinson 0.2960.3340.4740.346
6Posada,Jorge 0.2560.3380.4300.338
7Swisher,Nick 0.2430.3540.4460.351
8Granderson,Curtis 0.2560.3350.4730.351
9Gardner,Brett 0.2530.3300.3440.315
Optimized Lineup with Thames
Expected Runs/Season: 913

(ZiPS認定Yankees最好的九名打者)

# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Johnson,Nick 0.2750.4100.4330.378
2Rodriguez,Alex 0.2810.3750.5260.390
3Teixeira,Mark 0.2800.3670.5050.376
4Granderson,Curtis 0.2560.3350.4730.351
5Jeter,Derek 0.3030.3690.4240.355
6Cano,Robinson 0.2960.3340.4740.346
7Thames,Marcus 0.2380.3020.4740.329
8Posada,Jorge 0.2560.3380.4300.338
9Swisher,Nick 0.2430.3540.4460.351
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Lineup Evaluation - 2010 Boston Red Sox

Projected Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 918
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Ellsbury,Jacoby 0.2900.3420.3980.341
2Pedroia,Dustin 0.3060.3720.4510.365
3Martinez,Victor 0.2970.3710.4700.367
4Youkilis,Kevin 0.2820.3770.4910.377
5Ortiz,David 0.2600.3690.5070.377
6Drew,J.D. 0.2640.3820.4590.370
7Beltre,Adrian 0.2760.3260.4540.339
8Cameron,Mike 0.2520.3390.4420.343
9Scutaro,Marco 0.2970.3790.4200.358
Optimized Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 925
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Scutaro,Marco 0.2970.3790.4200.358
2Drew,J.D. 0.2640.3820.4590.370
3Ortiz,David 0.2600.3690.5070.377
4Youkilis,Kevin 0.2820.3770.4910.377
5Pedroia,Dustin 0.3060.3720.4510.365
6Martinez,Victor 0.2970.3710.4700.367
7Cameron,Mike 0.2520.3390.4420.343
8Beltre,Adrian 0.2760.3260.4540.339
9Ellsbury,Jacoby 0.2900.3420.3980.341
Optimized Lineup with Lowell and Hermida
Expected Runs/Season: 933

(這也是ZiPS認定最佳的九名打者. Beltre的OPS和wOBA比Hermida好, 但是這種打線上Hermida可以製造更多的分數.)

# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Scutaro,Marco 0.2970.3790.4200.358
2Drew,J.D. 0.2640.3820.4590.370
3Ortiz,David 0.2600.3690.5070.377
4Youkilis,Kevin 0.2820.3770.4910.377
5Pedroia,Dustin 0.3060.3720.4510.365
6Martinez,Victor 0.2970.3710.4700.367
7Lowell,Mike 0.2820.3410.4530.345
8Hermida,Jeremy 0.2630.3400.4290.338
9Cameron,Mike 0.2520.3390.4420.343
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Lineup Evaluation - 2010 Baltimore Orioles

Projected Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 813
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Roberts,Brian 0.2830.3660.4330.360
2Jones,Adam 0.2780.3340.4790.349
3Markakis,Nick 0.2950.3690.4790.369
4Tejada,Miguel 0.2970.3330.4330.334
5Scott,Luke 0.2550.3430.4750.353
6Atkins,Garrett 0.2670.3400.4280.337
7Wieters,Matt 0.2820.3520.4270.343
8Reimold,Nolan 0.2730.3450.4400.344
9Izturis,Cesar 0.2590.3030.3210.283
Optimized Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 816
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Roberts,Brian 0.2830.3660.4330.360
2Wieters,Matt 0.2820.3520.4270.343
3Scott,Luke 0.2550.3430.4750.353
4Markakis,Nick 0.2950.3690.4790.369
5Reimold,Nolan 0.2730.3450.4400.344
6Atkins,Garrett 0.2670.3400.4280.337
7Jones,Adam 0.2780.3340.4790.349
8Tejada,Miguel 0.2970.3330.4330.334
9Izturis,Cesar 0.2590.3030.3210.283
Optimized Lineup with Wigginton
Expected Runs/Season: 848

(這是ZiPS預測金鶯陣中最好的九名打者)

# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Roberts,Brian 0.2830.3660.4330.360
2Markakis,Nick 0.2950.3690.4790.369
3Scott,Luke 0.2550.3430.4750.353
4Jones,Adam 0.2780.3340.4790.349
5Wieters,Matt 0.2820.3520.4270.343
6Reimold,Nolan 0.2730.3450.4400.344
7Wigginton,Ty 0.2800.3310.4610.340
8Tejada,Miguel 0.2970.3330.4330.334
9Atkins,Garrett 0.2670.3400.4280.337
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2010/04/09

Lineup Evaluation - 2010 Minnesota Twins

Projected Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 860
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Span,Denard 0.2900.3640.3920.340
2Hudson,Orlando 0.2750.3490.4100.337
3Mauer,Joe 0.3360.4230.5250.413
4Morneau,Justin 0.2860.3710.5120.380
5Cuddyer,Michael 0.2750.3470.4750.357
6Kubel,Jason 0.2780.3540.4840.362
7Young,Delmon 0.2860.3260.4260.328
8Hardy,J.J. 0.2580.3180.4190.322
9Punto,Nick 0.2510.3380.3310.311
Optimized Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 871
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Mauer,Joe 0.3360.4230.5250.413
2Morneau,Justin 0.2860.3710.5120.380
3Kubel,Jason 0.2780.3540.4840.362
4Cuddyer,Michael 0.2750.3470.4750.357
5Hudson,Orlando 0.2750.3490.4100.337
6Young,Delmon 0.2860.3260.4260.328
7Hardy,J.J. 0.2580.3180.4190.322
8Punto,Nick 0.2510.3380.3310.311
9Span,Denard 0.2900.3640.3920.340
Optimized Lineup with Thome and Harris
Expected Runs/Season: 886
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Mauer,Joe 0.3360.4230.5250.413
2Morneau,Justin 0.2860.3710.5120.380
3Kubel,Jason 0.2780.3540.4840.362
4Cuddyer,Michael 0.2750.3470.4750.357
5Hardy,J.J. 0.2580.3180.4190.322
6Thome,Jim 0.2310.3410.4320.340
7Harris,Brendan 0.2670.3280.3940.319
8Hudson,Orlando 0.2750.3490.4100.337
9Span,Denard 0.2900.3640.3920.340
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Lineup Evaluation - 2010 Kansas City Royals

Projected Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 721
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1DeJesus,David 0.2850.3520.4350.343
2Podsednik,Scott 0.2790.3360.3840.324
3Butler,Billy 0.2930.3590.4750.362
4Ankiel,Rick 0.2550.3140.4560.331
5Guillen,Jose 0.2650.3120.4310.323
6Gordon,Alex 0.2480.3280.4150.329
7Betancourt,Yuniesky 0.2710.3030.3900.302
8Kendall,Jason 0.2520.3170.3190.290
9Getz,Chris 0.2830.3390.3700.323
Optimized Lineup
Expected Runs/Season: 723
# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Butler,Billy 0.2930.3590.4750.362
2Gordon,Alex 0.2480.3280.4150.329
3Ankiel,Rick 0.2550.3140.4560.331
4DeJesus,David 0.2850.3520.4350.343
5Podsednik,Scott 0.2790.3360.3840.324
6Getz,Chris 0.2830.3390.3700.323
7Guillen,Jose 0.2650.3120.4310.323
8Betancourt,Yuniesky 0.2710.3030.3900.302
9Kendall,Jason 0.2520.3170.3190.290
Optimized Lineup with Callapso, Ka'aihue, Pena, and Aviles
Expected Runs/Season: 770

(換掉的人快比沒換掉的多了. Getz的預測成績比Aviles好, 但我想他和Callapso都不適合守SS)

# Batter AVG OBP* SLG wOBA*
1Kaaihue,Kila 0.2550.3520.4030.337
2Butler,Billy 0.2930.3590.4750.362
3Ankiel,Rick 0.2550.3140.4560.331
4DeJesus,David 0.2850.3520.4350.343
5Callaspo,Alberto 0.2900.3500.4160.338
6Gordon,Alex 0.2480.3280.4150.329
7Pena,Brayan 0.2810.3280.4130.323
8Guillen,Jose 0.2650.3120.4310.323
9Aviles,Mike 0.2750.3100.4030.313
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